Language disorders can occur in both children and adults, and can be developmental (present from birth) or acquired.  A language disorder is characterized by difficulty understanding (receptive language) and/or expressing words (expressive language).  ​Speech-language pathologists are trained and qualified to evaluate and treat language disorders.   The descriptions below discuss a few of the most common language disorders seen in children. 

Language learning disabilities

The term dyslexia is sometimes used to refer to reading difficulties.  Language learning disabilities is a broader term which refers to  difficulties with age-appropriate reading, writing, and spelling. Not uncommonly, associated difficulties with spoken language may be present. Language difficulties may manifest with the following:
  • Understanding directions and questions
  • Getting meaning from written text or spoken words
  • Learning and using vocabulary
  • Understanding details, main ideas, and making inferences
  • Difficulty with letters and numbers
  • Difficulty with left/right concepts
  • Spelling
  • Identifying sounds in words
Although not directly related to intelligence, individuals with language learning disabilities will typically experience difficulties with learning and academic achievement.  Language treatment focusing on deficit areas can positively impact an individual's academic performance and subsequently quality of life.  

Social language impairments

Social language use, or pragmatics, deals with how an individual uses language functionally and appropriately to engage with others.  This involves taking turns, maintaining topic, switching topic, using appropriate loudness level, interpreting facial expressions, using appropriate eye contact, and using language for a variety of functions.  Treatment can improve social language skills. 

Language Delays

Preschoolers may be slow to acquire normal speech and language skills.  Language delays can occur both expressively and receptively.  Red flags for receptive delays include difficulties with understanding concepts, following directions and answering questions. Red flags for expressive language delay include difficulty with using gestures, naming, asking and answering questions and using appropriate grammar.  Speech-language treatment can facilitate development of these skills.